Discovering Boro people
Earliest report on Boros during colonial period comes from Francis-Buchanan Hamilton, later published by M. Martin in The History Antiquities Topography And Statistics Of Eastern India. Buchanan mentioned them as Kachari tribe and described their society and religion. He was aware that the proper name of the people is Boro. He also prepared a list Boro vocabulary. He mentioned Mech tribe separately. Though he didn’t procured any account of their customs, he was informed that Mech differed very little from Kachari and both tribes worshiped Sijou. B. H. Hodgson meticulously studied Meches living near Mechi river and compared with reports made in Assam. He produced ethnographic and linguistic report on Boros. He found there is no difference between Meches and Kacharis of Brahmaputra valley and Mech and Kacharis are name imposed by Hindu neighbours and their self-desgination is Bodo, an spelling varient of Boro. He also introduced the concept of Bodo race for all tribes having socio-religious, cultural and linguistic similarities with Boro. Other scholars like Skrefsrud, Endle, Damant and Gait also produced linguistic and ethnographic reports on Boros, They confirmed that Mech and Kachari are exonym of Boros. In fact, Kachari and Mech are used synonymously with Boro in Brahmaputra valley. Sometimes informants to colonial Officer-scholars were not aware of Dimasa being also called Kachari, thus created conflated History of these peoples. However, Distinctive socio-religious practices and seperate geographical locations of these peoples are helpful in finding - when Kachari is meant for Boro or Dimasa. Despite being aware of the proper name, Colonial Officer-scholars categorised Boros into Kachari and Mech in early censuses, and instead used the “Bodo” or “Boro” as umbrella term for grouping all tribes having similarities with Boro. Hodgson’s race theory was carried on by Endle who identified other social groups like Sonowal, Thengal etc to be of Boro or Kachari race. Since then both “Bodo” and “Kachari” became umbrella terms, despite being mainly used for Boros. This has created a lot of confusions among the peoples and scholars. Ethnically, Boro subsume Mech and plain Kachari of these colonial categories. From 1921 onwards, Boros were allowed to officially listed as “Boro” instead of these exonyms in census and the regions known to be chief habitats of Meches and Kacharis during colonial period have experienced complete abandonment of these exonyms and reclamation of proper name i.e. Boro. Since then Boro is the largest ethno-linguistc group of Brahmaputra valley. Like Hodgson and Endle, Even today’s Scholars and Government are adding new social groups into Bodo and Kachari fold. Therefore, I shall be using only the “Boro” to mean the ethnic group and safely replacing “Bodo”, “Kachari” and “Mech” when meant for Boro people.